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2009年6月英语六级翻译指导及练习(19)

发帖者 吴怀唐 On 10:59
  固定搭配

  动词的固定搭配(2)

  固定搭配是六级汉英翻译试题部分考查的重点和难点。考生在复习备考的过程中一定要注意加强积累,才能在考试中熟练地运用。今后每期将有二十到三十个固定搭配,太简单的(比方a few 有些,几个)我就直接无视掉了,每天记住几个就OK了,而且很多我们也学过。这样在考试前我们能掌握近五百个搭配。

  bring about 导致,引起

  bring down 使落下,打倒;降低,减少

  bring forth 产生,提出

  bring forward 提出,提议;提前

  bring/put into operation 实施,实行,生效

  bring out 使显出;激起,引起;出版,推出

  bring to 使恢复知觉

  bring to mind 使人想起

  bring up 教养,养育;提出

  build up 逐渐积聚,集结;逐步建立;增进,增强

  burn out 烧光,烧毁......的内部;熄灭

  burn up 烧掉,烧毁;烧起来;旺起来;(使)发怒

  call at 访问

  call for 叫(某人)来;要求,需要

  call off 取消

  call on/upon 访问,拜访,号召,要求

  call up 召集,使人想起,打电话(给)

  catch one's breath 屏息;喘气,气喘,歇口气

  catch sb.'s eye 被某人看到,引起某人注意

  catch up with 赶上,对......产生恶果

  care for 照顾,照料,喜欢

  carry about 随身携带

  carry/bring/put into effect 使生效,实行,实现

  carry off 夺走,拿走

  carry on 继续,进行

  carry out 实行,执行;实现,完成

  catch at 试图抓住,拼命抓

  catch (on) fire 着火,开始燃烧

  catch on 理解,懂得,流行起来

  catch sight of 发现,突然看见

  check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记,报到

  check out 结帐后离开,办妥手续离去

  check up (on) 检查,核实

  cheer up 使高兴起来,使振作起来

  clear away 把......清除掉,收拾

  clear up 清理,澄清,解决,(天)放晴

  cling to 粘住;依附;坚持

  collide with 抵触,冲突;碰撞,互撞

  come after 跟随

  come/go into effect 生效,实施

  come off 脱落,分开;结果,表现

  come out 发表,出版,出现,现楼,结果是

  come round/around 顺便来访;苏醒,复原

  come through 经历......仍活着,安然度过

  come to 苏醒,涉及,谈到;总数为,结果是

  come to a conclusion 得出结论

  come true (预言、期望等)实现,成为事实

  come up 走上前来,发生,出现

  come up to 达到(标准),比得上

  come up with 提出,提供,想出

  Exercise Nineteen

  1. When it comes to education,_________________ (大部分人认为教育是一个终生的学习).

  2. Many experts point out _______________(体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康).

  3. The air pollution is becoming more and more serious. _____________(任何政府忽视这一点)may pay a heavy price.

  4.In view of the seriousness of this problem,________________(在事态进一步恶化之前必须采取有效的措施).

  5. ________________(除了孤独这一明显的问题之外),another major obstacle,in my opinion,is the alien environment of campus.

  1. the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study

  解析:When it comes to...表示"当涉及,当谈到某一问题时",句子需填入部分是全句的主句。根据中文句子结构,在翻译成英文时,"教育是一个终生的学习"应处理成宾语从句。可以用believe that +从句。如果将该题译成many people believe that education is something that will last for ever,则有两处不妥:一是many people不等于"大部分人";二是believe that从句又包含了一个由something引导的小宾语从句,虽然语法上没有错,但使句子结构变得复杂且传递的意思不能忠实于原文。事实上,"大部分"可以用the majority of来表达;"终生的"可以用lifetime。在做翻译时,考生要注意将想好的信息点进行检查、重组,以期达到最好的效果。

  2. that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness

  解析:本句意为:许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。句子需填补部分充当全句的宾语,因此用pint out+that句型。Contribute to表示"有助于......",如:Exercise contributes to better health.(锻炼能促进更强健的体魄。)考生易将contribute to与attribute to混淆。Attribute to是指"归因于......",如:David attributed his company's success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.(大卫说他们公司之所以获得成功是由于全体员工的团结和坚持不懈努力工作的结果。)其他表示"有助于"的短语还有:be good to,help to,make for,conduce to等。

  3. Any government that is blind to this point

  解析:前一句的信息并不重要。关键在第二句中,谓语部分已经给出,即:may pay a heavy price(会付出沉重代价),那么,需填入部分应该充当该句的主语,而主语中心词就是"任何政府","忽视这一点"根据语法要求必须处理成后置定语修饰"任何政府"。所以,译文要用定语从句来表达。答案也可以是非限制定语从句:Any government,which is blind to this point.

  4. effective measures should be taken before things get worse

  解析:本题需填入部分没有具体指出"谁"必须采取有效措施,所以应将汉语无主句译成英语被动句。此外,"事态"在这里不能用affairs,affair是指具体某个事务或社会逸闻或恋爱事件。"事态"在本句中是比较抽象的概念,应该理解成"情况",可以选择things,如:Things look promising.(情况看来有希望,有好转之势。)

  5. In addition to/ Besides the obvious problem-loneliness

  解析:本题考查的是对"除了"的含义理解。英语里"除了"的说法较多,except和except for都是表示后接的东西不包括在内;besides和in addition是表示后接的东西包含在内。通过分析可知,本句意为:除了孤独这一明显的问题之外,我认为另一个困难是对校园环境的不熟悉。因此,another major obstacle清楚表明,孤独和对校园环境的不熟悉是面临的两个共同的困难。因此,"孤独"是被包含在内的。

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