第二章 插入结构
除了上一章的并列结构，英语长句中另一个常用结构就是插入结构。插入结构是在一个句子中某两个句子成分之间，如主谓，谓宾，定语和受定语等之间插入一个从句，短语或单词以对原来句子所表达的内容进行补充、添加、限定和说明。有时一个句子会有多个从句，分词短语等存在，再加上插入成分，就会使得句子结构显得很复杂，不易分清各部分得成分，而造成阅读上得障碍。插入成分最明显得标志是用逗号与主句隔开。但有时由于多种句子成分的存在，句子中会使用多个逗号，分号，从而易一眼看出，以至出现理解错误。本章我们就集中辨析这一类结构得句子。
Exercise 壹壹英语论坛
不好意思，这两天突然有事节目耽误一点时间。今天我们开始第二章，插入结构的学习咯。做为热身，今天的句子很简单哦！
During the rest of this century , as never before, history will be the study of population.
The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys,ranging in age from seven to thirteen.
Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under,involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.
要点分析和参考译文
要点：要点：as never before为插入语，插入在状语和主语之间，意为“前所未有”
参考译文：本世纪末，对人口的研究将前所未有的成为历史。
要点：“he said”为插入语，放在了主语“The school”和谓语“consisted of”中间。现在分词ranging在句中作定语修饰boys
参考译文：他说，学校只有一个班，共24名男生，年龄从七岁到十三岁不等。
要点：句子的主语和谓语之间有一插入语，放在这里起强调作用，即强调只是对于中国和美国妇女来说，而不是其他国家的妇女。而且对年龄作了限定。
参考译文：对于55岁或以下的大多数美国和中国妇女来说，要做的工作包括料理家务和照料一个或多个孩子，以及一份在家庭以外的工作。
Exercise
Ideally then, a school system should be one in which the love of learning, rather than the acquisition of facts , is cultivated.
Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen,the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a
ship nearby , would be on an island 885 miles away. Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and , at certain rare intervals, a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.
要点分析和参考译文
要点：one 后面有一个in which 引导得定语从句，其中rather than the acquisition of facts是插入语，可以看成是主语the love of learning的并列成分
参考译文：因此，理想的教育制度应该是培养学生酷爱学习，而不是获得实际的东西
要点：虚拟条件句“if anything ……885 miles away.”是thinking的宾语从句，作thinking的宾语。在这个虚拟条件句的主句中，主语和谓语之间插入了一个条件状语从句“unless there was a ship nearby”，使得主谓分离。
参考译文：他仍禁不住寻思起来，要是果发生什么意外，如果附近连一条船也没有，他用无线电能联系上得最近得人远在885英里以外得岛上。
要点：句中 interests, enjoyments, satisfaction,glow和excitement共五哥并列成分，皆作宾语。 At certain rare ntervals为插入语，意为“间或，偶尔”。
参考译文：然而这另一种生活也有它的趣味，欢乐和满足，并间或有一种宁静得喜悦或一阵突发得激动。
Exercise
Our forefather had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until
very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”
But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in
manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth.
They appear to do everything in a rush, with an eye on the clock, as if they had a short time to live.
要点分析和参考译文
要点：分号前后为两个并列句。在第二个分句中，even until very recently 时间状语插入在主语 most of them和谓语had之间。Them指代前一句的forefathers。
参考译文：我们前辈不知道人口会比原材料供应增长得要快；甚至到最近以前大多数人还错误得认为自然资源是无限的，永远不会消耗尽。
要点：并列句and 之后的主语 the people和谓语will have之间插入whether引导的状语从句。
参考译文：可是有一点是肯定的：信息和知识将变得更加重要。拥有信息和知识的人无论是在生产行业还是在服务行业工作，都会有优势并能创造财富。
要点：介词短语“with an eye on the clock”为插入语，在句子中做状语。“as if”引出方式状语从句，谓语动词是虚拟语气。
参考译文：他们看上去做每件事都匆匆忙忙，眼睛盯着时钟，仿佛他们的有生之年极其短暂似的。
Exercise
Americans admire the self-made person—the one who, with neither money nor family influence, fights his or her way to the top.
Silly or wise, terrible or delightful, it is a further helping of experience, an additional joy after dark, another slice of life cut
differently for which, it seems to me, we are never sufficiently grateful.
Quite a different problem, but one that is causing growing concern, is that computers may violate people’s privacy.
要点分析和参考译文
要点：破折号后的“the one”是前面person的同位语，“the one”后面又有一个由who引导的定语从句，其中主语和谓语之间有一个插入语：with neither money nor family influence.
参考译文：美国人钦佩靠个人奋斗而成功的人士：这种人既没有金钱也没有家庭背景，靠自己的奋斗攀登到最上层。
要点：Silly or wise, terrible or
delightful为平行结构，在句中作让步状语。另外句子的表语也是平行结构“a further helping of experience, an additional joy after dark”“it seems to me”为插入语，插入到for which引导的定语从句中。
参考译文：不管是愚蠢还是聪明，可怕还是愉悦，梦中的生活都是更深一层的另外一种体验，是天黑以后才有的另一种欢乐，是生活另一个不同的侧面，对此我似乎觉得怎么感激也不为过。
要点：句中“but one that is causing growing concern”，在句中作插入语。在意义上是对“Quite a different problem”的补充说明。One代替上文提到的“problem”
参考译文：一个截然不同但却越来越引起人们关注的问题是：计算机可能会侵犯人们的隐私。
Exercise
It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learn to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?
It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph (英里)
要点分析和参考译文
要点：“everyone agrees”为插入语。“and”连结两个并列句，前一句为”it is … that”强调句型；后一分句”the fact”后为同位语从句”that he does so in so short a period of time”，因此，后一分句的主要部分为the fact challenges（需要）explanation
参考译文：每个人都同意孩子学说话确实是件困难的事，并且孩子能在这么短的时间里做到的确需要很好的解释才行。
要点：“one wonders”为插入语，本句主干结构为“Do the fashions reflect qualities？”，“fashions” 有两个定语“constantly changing”和“of women’s clothes”。“qualities”也有两个定语“basic”和“of inconstancy and instability”。
参考译文：我们不知道女性服装不断变化的时尚是否反映出不可靠和不稳定的基本特点。
要点：此句为强调句型“It was …that…”; that 从句中主语man和谓语managed 之间插入介词短语“with the help of …”作状语。
参考译文：大概直到19世纪80年代，人类借助一种更为先进的蒸汽机车，才达到每小时100英里的速度。
博文
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