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09年6月大学英语六级翻译指导及练习(12)

发帖者 吴怀唐 On 11:26
  应试技巧

  汉语无主句译成英语被动句

  汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了可用英语无主句、“There be…”结构或者根据情景补出语境来翻译之外,运用被动语态来翻译也是常用技巧。

  例1 ____________(利用电脑)to collect the data much better.

  译文:Computer is used

  例2 没有能量,没法做功。

  译文:No work can be done without energy.

  例3 通常六点半开灯。

  译文:The lights are usually turned on at 6:30.

  这三句都没有讲明动作的主语是谁,因此考试的时候翻译成英语时最好的办法是运用被动语态。

  被动语态是一个独立的语态,而不是由主动语态转变而来的从属性语态。主动句与被动句的转换是受到词汇和结构等因素的限制的。汉译英时不能拘泥于原结构,要摆脱原句状态的局限,采用灵活多样的翻译技巧。但是,考生一定要在语态选择中注意以下这两点:

  第一,有一些动词和词组不能用于被动语态。它们是:come true,consist of,take place,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,break out,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed等。

  例4 __________(这件事发生)before liberation

  译文:This took place

  第二,下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。它们是:wash(洗),sell(卖),read(读),wear(穿),blame(责备),ride(乘坐),write(写)等。

  例5 Glass breaks easily.

  译文:玻璃容易被碰碎。

  例6 The car rides smoothly.

  译文:这车走起来很稳。

  例7 The book sells well.

  译文:这本书很畅销。

  例8 He is to blame.

  译文:他应该受到责备。

  例9 The pen writes well.

  译文:这支钢笔很好写。

  例10 This fabric will wash.

  译文:这种织物很耐洗。

  下期介绍数字的表达哦。

  Exercise Twelve

  1. The professor required that ________________ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.

  2. Though a skilled worker, _______________ (他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.

  3. It was reported that 65% of traffic accidents in this city _______________ (是由行车不慎造成的).

  4. ________________(希特勒是武装到牙齿的)when he launched the Second World War,but in a few years,he was completely defeated.

  5.They are having a discussion ________________(目的是寻找改善质量的途径).

  答案:1. we hand in our research report(s)

  解析:本句意为:教授要求我们在周三前交研究报告。由require引导的that宾语从句在表示指令性含义的时候应该用虚拟语气,即:require that sb. (should) do sth.通常should可以省略。required用过去时态是个干扰项,如果考生没有注意到虚拟语气的话可能就会把需填补部分的动词“交”错译成handed in. 类似的动词还有:advise,ask,beg,command,decide,decree,demand,desire,determine,insist,move(建议),order,prefer(宁愿),propose,recommend,request,require,suggest(建议),urge(极力主张),vote等。类似的形容词有:advisable,appropriate,better,best,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,incredible,insistent,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,ridiculous,strange,surprising,urgent,vital等。句末的by Wednesday表示在某个时间之前,这虽然不是本题考点,但考生应该看到by Wednesday和on Wednesday的区别。

  2. he was fired by the company

  解析:本句意为:虽然是个有经验的工人,但是由于经济危机他上周被公司解雇了。很多同学在口语表达中容易说成though…but…,这是受了汉语母语负迁移的影响,在书面语中是绝对不允许的。让步状语从句though和but绝对不能同时出现在一个句子里,就像because和so一样。“解雇”在英语里有很多表达:fire,dismiss,kick out,throw out,sack等。Though a skilled worker是Though he was a skilled worker的省略表达。考生还要注意分析本题的逻辑关系:前后两个部分是转折含义,大的转折中又包括一个小的因果。

  3. arose from careless driving

  解析:本题考查惯用搭配。“行车不慎”可以翻译成careless driving;“由……造成”用arise from。arise主要用于指无形的、抽象的东西的出现或产生;arise from表示“由……引起”,“因……产生”,下列搭配也可用来表达这一意思:be caused by,bring on,result in,give rise to等。考生容易将rise与arise混淆:rise通常指起身或用于事物自动升起或映入眼帘,还可以指水、价格等上涨。例如:That candidate rose to his feet to deliver his speech.(那位候选人站起来发言。)

  4. Hitler was armed to the teeth

  解析:本句意为:在发动第二次世界大战时,希特勒是武装到牙齿的,但是没有几年他就被彻底打败了。本题需要用直译法翻译。通过前面的讲解大家已经知道,直译法是按照原文的表层意思进行翻译,它的好处是不仅保留了原文的内容也保留了原文的形象、比喻、民族地方色彩等。“武装到牙齿”是说军队装备精良,战备充分,具有较强抵御和攻击能力。有同学可能会意译成Hitler prepared very well或Hitler had strong armed forces或Hitler prepared first-class military equipment,意译并没有错,但在内涵、力度和韵味上就远没有原文生动形象,表达起来枯燥乏味。“武装到牙齿”是一个汉语习语,英文里恰好也有一个习语be armed to the teeth,含义相同,韵味不减。

  5. to find ways to improve the quality

  解析:本题考查不定式作后置定语。discussion是后置定语修饰的中心词。“目的是……”可以用in order to,so as to,to来表示。不定式作后置定语从句都可以转换成:“…whose purpose is to…”的结构,如:They are having a discussion whose purpose is to find ways to improve the quality.(他们正在进行一场目的为想办法提高质量的讨论。

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